What you need to know about toxics in your cosmetic products

Reprinted from the David Suzuki Foundation's web site: http://www.davidsuzuki.org/issues/health/science/toxics/what-you-need-to-know-about-toxics-in-your-cosmetic-products/

Earlier this year, the David Suzuki Foundation invited Canadians to pull back the shower curtain and participate in an online survey about toxic ingredients in common personal care products like soaps, shampoos and cosmetics. Here are the key findings from the survey and recommendations for cleaning up these products and strengthening Canada's laws to better protect human health and the environment.

The Survey Results

• Number of people participating in the survey: 6,243
  
• Total number of products analyzed: 12,550
  
• Products containing at least one Dirty Dozen ingredient: 80 per cent
  
• Products with more than one Dirty Dozen ingredient: 57 per cent
  
• Most commonly occurring Dirty Dozen ingredient: fragrance/parfum (in 56 per cent of products)
  
• Products containing none of the Dirty Dozen ingredients: 20 per cent
  
• Products for which an ingredient list could not be identified: 8 per cent
  
• Participants who look at the ingredient list when shopping for cosmetics: 62 per cent
  
• Support for strengthening Canada's cosmetic laws: 98 per cent
  

Report Recommendations

• Replace potentially harmful ingredients in cosmetics with safer alternatives.
  
• As an interim step, implement hazard labelling for ingredients linked to chronic health concerns and strengthen EcoLogo™ certification criteria for personal care products.
  
• Require pre-market approval of the chemical composition of cosmetics and allow public access to a searchable online database of information submitted by manufacturers.
  
• Extend restrictions to "unintentional ingredients" like impurities and by-products.
  
• Extend ingredient restrictions and labelling requirements to products regulated as "drugs."
  
• Require manufacturers to disclose specific fragrance ingredients.
  
• Prohibit use of the terms unscented and fragrance-free in the marketing of products that contain fragrance ingredients (including masking agents).
  
• Prohibit anti-bacterial household products, including cosmetics.
  
• Restrict use of the terms natural and organic in the marketing of products that contain non-organic and synthetic ingredients.
  
• Extend ingredient disclosure requirements to other types of consumer products, including household cleaners, toys and furnishings.

The "Safer" List

• Products sold under the following brand names (among others) were frequently reported to be free of the Dirty Dozen ingredients:
  
• Prairie Naturals
  
• Jason
  
• Tom's of Maine
  
• Green Beaver
  
• Aubrey's Organics
  
• Nature's Gate

Most Loaded Products

• The following products reportedly contained at least six of the Dirty Dozen.
  
• Bath & Body Works: Bubble Baths, Antibacterial Moisturizing Hand Lotions, Sweet Pea Body Lotion, Warm Vanilla Sugar Hand Cream
  
• Canus (Caprina) Li'l Goat's Milk Shampoo and Body Wash
  
• Caprina Fresh Goat's Milk Body Wash
  
• Clarins Lift Anti-Rides Jour (Extra-Firming Day Cream)
  
• Compliments Herbal Bath Foam
  
• Crabtree & Evelyn Nomad Invigorating Hair & Body Wash
  
• Delon Grapeseed Body Butter
  
• Dial Clean and Refresh Antibacterial Bodywash
  
• Dove Men+Care Clean Comfort Body and Face Wash
  
• Être Dead Sea Hand and Body Lotion
  
• Exact Apricot Scrub
  
• Joico Daily Care Conditioning Shampoo
  
• L'Oreal Kids Smoothie Shampoo
  
• L'Oreal Paris Vive Pro Smooth Intense Shampoo
  
• Lancôme Photogenic Foundation
  
• Life Extra Strength Skin Lotion
  
• Lubriderm Advanced Moisture Therapy
  
• Marc Anthony Curl Defining Shampoo and Instantly Thick Hair Thickening Shampoo
  
• NeoStrata Intense Daytime Wrinkle Repair
  
• Neutrogena Deep Clean Invigorating Ultra Foam Cleanser
  
• Rimmel Lasting Finish Foundation
  
• The Body Shop Satsuma Shower Gel
  
• The Healing Garden Sensual Plum Body Spray
  
• The Healing Garden Uplifting Jasmine Cleansing Body Wash
  
• TiGi Bed Head Manipulator (hair styling product)
  
• Vaseline Healthy Hand & Nail Conditioning Hand Lotion
  

The Dirty Dozen
(More detailed info at davidsuzuki.org/dirtydozen/)

• 
  BHA and BHT: Used mainly in moisturizers and makeup as preservatives. Suspected endocrine disruptors and may cause cancer (BHA). Harmful to fish and other wildlife.
  Coal tar dyes: p-phenylenediamine and colours listed as "CI" followed by five digits. P-phenylenediamine is used in some hair dyes; other colours are used in a variety of cosmetics. Potential to cause cancer and may be contaminated with heavy metals toxic to the brain.
  
• DEA-related ingredients: Used in some creamy and foaming products, such as moisturizers and shampoos. Can react to form nitrosamines, which may cause cancer. Harmful to fish and other wildlife.
  
• Dibutyl phthalate: Used as a plasticizer in some nail care products. Suspected endocrine disrupter and reproductive toxicant. Harmful to fish and other wildlife.
  
• Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives: Used in a variety of cosmetics. Slowly release small amounts of formaldehyde, which causes cancer.
  
• Paraben, methylparaben, butylparaben and propylparaben: Used in a variety of cosmetics as preservatives. Suspected endocrine disrupters and may interfere with male reproductive functions.
  
• Parfum: Any mixture of fragrance ingredients used in a variety of cosmetics. Some fragrance ingredients can trigger allergies and asthma. Some linked to cancer and neurotoxicity. Some harmful to fish and other wildlife.
  
• PEGs (e.g., PEG -60): Used in some cosmetic cream bases. Can be contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, which may cause cancer.
  
• Petrolatum: Used in some hair products for shine and as a moisture barrier in some lip balms, lip sticks and moisturizers. Can be contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which may cause cancer.
  
• Siloxanes: Used in a variety of cosmetics to soften, smooth and moisten. Suspected endocrine disrupter and reproductive toxicant (cyclotetrasiloxane). Harmful to fish and other wildlife.
  
• Sodium laureth sulfate: Used in some foaming cosmetics, such as shampoos, cleansers and bubble bath. Can be contaminated with 1,4-dioxane, which may cause cancer.
  
• Triclosan: Used in some antibacterial cosmetics, such as toothpastes, cleansers and deodorants. Suspected endocrine disrupter and may contribute to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Harmful to fish and other wildlife.

Loopholes in Canada's Cosmetics Laws

• Manufacturers are not required to disclose specific fragrance ingredients on the product label. Instead, the generic term parfum is listed, representing a mixture of potentially dozens of chemicals.
  
• Products regulated as "drugs" on the basis of therapeutic claims (e.g., tartarfighting toothpaste, bacteria-killing cleansers, face cream with sun protection) are only required to list 'active' ingredients, not complete list as required for products regulated as cosmetics.
  
• Although most ingredients in cosmetics have never been tested for their effects on human health and the environment, Health Canada does not require pre-market testing of chemicals used in cosmetics.
  
• Under Canada's Cosmetic Regulations, manufacturers are required to disclose the concentration of each ingredient in their product to the Minister of Health, but this information is not made public.
  
• Chemicals that are prohibited or restricted may still be present in cosmetics as byproducts or impurities
  
• Manufacturers are not required to disclose specific fragrance chemicals in the list of ingredients
  
• Products marketed as "fragrance-free" or "unscented" may contain fragrance ingredients, in the form of masking agents that prevent the brain from perceiving odour.
  
• Read the report, What's Inside? That Counts, and check out our background materials.